Autonomic NS

• Organisms whose adaptive strategies rely on motility (fast displacement) are very constrained in size

• Evolutionary solutions to this problem are vertebrates with endoskeleton and ANS: neural control of metabolism (breathing, blood flow, etc.) ensure metabolic needs of muscles

• Body and ANS as a source of value dynamics

• And finally recruited-for non adaptive sensorimotor evaluation: somatic markers for “higher level cognition” (see the role of emotions in decision making)